In 1985, renowned English author Phillip Pullman’s first book in the Sally Lockhart mystery series was published. This young adult novel titled Ruby in the Smoke gives an intriguing insight into the inequality and injustice associated with Victorian society as it unveils the terrifying journey Sally takes to learn the truth of her father’s death.

How were women presented as a whole in this story? Think about Sally, Queen Victoria and Mrs. Holland. How did Lockhart’s portrayal of female characters defy or comply with traditional gender roles during the Victorian Age?

What is the significance of opium in this story and what role did it play in advancing the plot? Who and what did it impact, both directly as well as indirectly? What message was the author trying to convey with it?

Mrs. Holland died diving after the Ruby Sally tossed into the river. What does this victory reflect about Sally and Mrs. Holland as a character?